It is a fact that in recent years, China has made immense achievements in the economic and social field and has set an example for the developed and developing countries of the world. If China’s achievements are carefully examined, one aspect is very clear. That “sustainability” has been attempted in the journey of development, pick up any sector of life and you will see continuous improvement and improvement. Agriculture is also included in the same sectors, which is being developed on modern lines for food security. The challenge has been tackled well. It is also commendable and worthy of emulation that in the journey of modernization and urbanization efforts, conservation of agricultural resources has been ensured and a good example of this is conservation of fertile soil. The importance of soil can also be estimated from the fact that the world has also set aside a special day for the protection of soil which is celebrated every year on December 5. The purpose of celebrating this day is that health Focus should be placed on the importance of healthy soil and awareness should be raised on the necessary measures to ensure sustainable management of soil resources.
At present, loss of soil nutrients is a major cause of soil degradation that threatens nutrition and is recognized as one of the most important global issues for food security and sustainability worldwide. is acknowledged. This is the reason why various activities have been organized around the world on the theme “Soil: Where Food Grows” for soil conservation this year to address the growing challenges in soil management, raise awareness about soil conservation. Increase awareness and encourage community awareness of the importance of maintaining healthy ecosystems and human well-being.
In terms of agricultural importance, black soil is defined as a mineral soil with a black surface horizon, rich in organic carbon at least 25 cm deep. According to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, under natural conditions it takes 200 to 400 years for a layer of black soil just one centimeter thick to form. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, black soil covering an estimated 725 million hectares worldwide is considered the “food basket” of the world. The total area of black soil in China is 1.09 million square kilometers. It is found in parts of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of northern China, including large areas in the northeastern provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilan and Liaoning. Above all, black soil produces nearly a quarter of the country’s total grain production and is the food supply shield in China. Black soil is becoming “thin”, “hard” and “low”.Over the past 60 years, organic matter in China’s soils has declined by a third to 50 percent in some areas, and the water-storage capacity of black soils has also decreased. According to agriculture officials, in some areas, the black soil layer is less than 20 cm thick and is decreasing by 1 to 2 mm per year. In this situation, urgent measures are needed to protect black soil. China’s measures, which specify the conservation, utilization, management and rehabilitation activities of black soil, also provide legal guarantees for the protection and use of this rare agricultural resource. China’s actions make it clear that conservation of agricultural resources is a prerequisite if food security and self-sufficiency in agricultural production are to be achieved.